In this article, well look at what happens when a cord stump is accidentally ripped or torn off. The first few days of puppy life are a very sensitive and critical time. This picture shows the puppies foot at 2 weeks of age. (including autism) and learning difficulties in both humans and animals. They rarely are caused by pulling on a puppy's umbilical cord. Read through them thoroughly so youre familiar with the basic steps involved. Keep reading to know more about the correct method (and necessary precautions) to cut the umbilical cord on a puppy. This image shows the pup at 1.5 - 2 weeks in a FAILED attempt to try to keep it covered. Lets go over some of those possible dangers. Fetal demise does indeed cause fetal demise, but the loss of a single organ or vessel cannot sustain. During the birthing process, puppies come out in a fluid-filled sac that is connected to their mother's placenta through an umbilical cord. Whelping is messy and the fluids will permanently stain blankets, carpet, floors, etc. If she continues to have non-productive but hard contractions, cut the cord on the partially delivered puppy and call your vet. This will save the puppy from a lot of discomforts, like infections and unnecessary pain. No matter what you do, however, you cant dislodge whatever caused the obstruction. In most cases, your puppy will begin to develop its umbilical hernia before birth. This information is not a substitute for a vets opinion. For this reason, professional caregivers should only attempt to remove the stump after talking with other medical staff. It simply shrivels and drops off in a few days. It will quickly shrivel, dry up, and drop off. Have you ever noticed how she I've used the same rusty dull scissors for 49 years. Its easy to see how a torn stump can lead to these sorts of complications. If you're noticing a rash on puppy [Read More] about Causees & Treatments for a Rash on Puppy Belly, If you really want topamper your puppy,then there's really nothing better thanputting [Read More] about 5 Simple & Easy Recipes for Homemade Dog Treats, So you've had a baby. This will keep the thermometer at the correct depth while inserted and prevent it from moving around, You may need to place your other hand on dogs shoulder to prevent her from getting up, Insert thermometer into her rectum 1in/2.5cm (up to depth stop created by your fingers), Remove thermometer once it indicates a temperature has been taken (1-2 minutes), Use the paper towel to wipe off excess lubricant, Use 2nd alcohol-soaked cotton ball to disinfect thermometer, Remove gloves and record temperature (download Temperature Log), Period of more intense nesting and abdominal contractions, Panting, pacing, whining, demanding attention, nervous, uncomfortable, licking genitals, Appearance of the mucus plug a clear, odorless, stringy vaginal discharge (like raw egg white), Productive labor begins, mom lies on her side and begins to strain, More clear, straw-colored or light pink fluid leaks from the birth canal, Uterine contractions intensify and abdominal muscular contractions are apparent, Puppies often appear as a bubble b/c they are encased in the amniotic sac. Each puppy is born in a fluid-filled sac. In most cases, the hernia doesnt hurt your puppy too badly. Please keep in mind that we may receive a small commission when you click our links and make purchases and as an Amazon Associate, this site earns from qualifying purchases. Yes, a dog will have an umbilical cord when they are born, and this is what connects them to their mother's placenta when they are inside the womb. In most cases of a dog naturally delivering its puppies, the momma dog will chew the umbilical cord. Note: if she has several contractions but no placenta, stop. leaves it too long, gets a piece of pup bit. Some mom dogs will tolerate human onlookers. she swaddled (wrapped) him, afterbirth, umbilical cord and all, and handed him to his Medical Journal says "cords are now also clamped early to collect Free postage. the puppy forcefully downwards between your knees. Cord stump ripping isnt the only hazard newborns face. Stitching doesnt usually require anesthesia, although you may be given a sedative to relax beforehand. Think about it. she gets the puppy going quite nicely. The risk of complications from pulling or cutting a normal-sized umbilical cord stump ranges between 1 percent and 2 percent, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). An umbilical hernia is a hernia that occurs when a portion of the intestines protrudes through a weakness in the abdominal wall near the navel. The puppys skin is permeable to all pathogens during the first week of life. You hope that the mum will do it - and do it properly - but sometimes she is stressed or not feeling well or just doesn't have the best instincts or past experiences and she neglects to do it or botches it (i.e. Put on gloves, apply alcohol to both balls and use one to disinfect thermometer, Apply a generous amount of lubricant to the end of the thermometer, You may need to restrain the dog either by laying her down against a wall with her rear towards your dominant hand or having a 2nd person hold her, To keep her busy, try a food stuffed toy, frozen treat or 2nd person feeding her treats, Place your thumb and forefinger 1in/2.5cm from the end of the thermometer. If contractions have stopped and she is resting calmly, she is probably done. While the color may vary slightly, the gender is determined during amniocentesis at 16 weeks gestation. Then, tie the cord again at about 0.5 inches from the first knot (towards the placenta). XLOOD 40pcs Disposable Umbilical Cord Clamp Birth Hemostatic Materials,Pig Umbilical Cord Clamp for Animals Puppy Kittens Cow Livestock Sheep,Home Birth Supplies kit, White, 1.77 Inch, 1.0 Count. It may be tempting to provide supplemental heat, but do so very carefully. function and prevent brain damage from early clamping, the process 3.9 3.9 out of 5 stars (30) $13.59 $ 13. it takes a minute or two Lick, lick, lick. can be even more devastating. That gets him going. An appropriate vaccination of the mother provides immunity to protect the litter, in particular against a very serious disease, parvovirus. and the final blood transfer from her body to his. Then place it under moms chin, Place two fingers on the puppys chest or use a stethoscope to feel/listen for a heartbeat, If there is a heartbeat but no breathing, repeat STEP #5, If there is a heartbeat and breathing, rub puppy gently but vigorously until it is squirming and crying. Take them to pee then keep them tethered to you when you go back inside. Causees & Treatments for a Rash on Puppy Belly, Benefits, Pros & Cons of Puppy Braces for Dental Health, Finding a Toy Dog Lovers Can Share With Their Pets, 5 Simple & Easy Recipes for Homemade Dog Treats, How to Properly Introduce Puppies and Babies. Zoe two days before she gives birth to 9 puppies, Whelping Box: A space designed for dogs to give birth and raise their puppies until their eyes and ears open around 2-3 weeks old. The mother is a laid back companion dog who is not aggressive in the least. Puppies are born attached to the placenta that nourished them while they were developing in the uterus. Stumped Over All care should be taken while removing the puppy's umbilical cord, but it is unlikely that manually removing the cord will cause an umbilical hernia. Your local hospital should provide guidance on the proper technique. Although it sounds counterintuitive, applying heat to a fresh wound can actually encourage bacteria growth. going to learn about the umbilical cord and whelping puppies probably contradicts what you've been taught and what If mom is no longer pushing, grasp puppy behind its shoulders (not the head) and apply slow, gentle traction downward (parallel to moms hind legs). Healthy puppies will be active, noisy and should be trying to nurse almost immediately. If mom is alert, tending to her puppies and they are squirming and noisy, its safe to leave them alone. Another would be to transfer the mother to a nearby birthing center. She ended up falling over. Proceed urgently but calmly, Use a hand towel or your fingers to break amniotic sac from around puppys head. Free postage. At 3 weeks old we were able to feed every 3 hours. Thats because the wound itself isnt always the biggest threat. Return to STEP #2, Rub puppy gently but vigorously all over its body for 20-30 seconds, Listen for breath sounds or look to see if belly/chest are rising and falling on their own, If puppy is breathing, continue to rub the puppy gently but vigorously all over until it is squirming and crying. The foot was kept dry and open for the first two weeks, spraying daily with colloidal silver, but when he started to crawl around the constant irritation on his foot kept opening it up and no bandage would stay on. The world is constantly changing so our goal is to the provide the most up to date news and information about all topics related to health and wellness! They condition their survival and their future quality of life. You should see their belly/chest inflate with good rise and fall, NOTE: It is possible for humans to contract certain diseases (Brucellosis) from an infected puppy with this type of contact. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience . Do not pull on the cord unless she is contracting. Now that hes out there on his own, he needs Then she licks and stimulates the puppy. This is the most common type of intervention. Problems are more likely to occur in certain breeds (brachycephalic/flat-nosed and toy breeds), very young and very old mothers. Increase your pup's freedom time as it gets older, over time, your . On the other hand, C-sections offer little physical risk to mothers, but they carry their own set of dangers. SPONSORED. chewing the cord, it may be because another pup is close to delivery so you step in. After childbirth, your provider will clamp the cord and then cut it, leaving a stump (umbilicus) behind. a. alyssap122. Read that again! I am so freaked out. Be careful not to pinch the skin. Last night I was changing his diaper and was moving his onsie out of the way . The anus is then purplish and the puppy starts vomiting, has diarrhea and moans. "When a baby is born it must transcend from receiving oxygen from the Small (less than " or 1cm) hernias may close spontaneously (without treatment) by age 3 to 4 months. SHE In fact, pulling off the stump can lead to serious injuries like lacerations, damage to internal organs, placental detachment and hemorrhaging. Colostrum is the mothers first milk and is slightly thicker and darker than regular milk. lineage stem cells, the merit of delayed cord clamping has been Among all probable Umbilical Cord abnormalities, Short Umbilical Cord is a major one, as it may squeeze the baby's neck by wrapping around it. The puppy is fully accepted by his littermates. Dog Health hernia, injury, puppy, puppy surgery, umbilical hernia. 12.36. Or better yet, send them this link before he If you want a higher chance of having a healthy litter with a lower percentage of accidents you must supervise and help with the entire whelp. They eat the placenta and umbilical cords of the puppies. Newborn septicemia (presence of bacteria in the blood) may be due to an infection of the mother (infection of the uterus, infection of the udder, infection of the mouth, infection of the skin, infection of the anal glands) or poor hygiene in the place where the puppies and the mother live. How much does a hernia surgery cost for a dog? (2016). Umbilical Hernias in Puppies Breeders Purebred Affenpinscher Afghan Hound Airedale Terrier Akbash Akita Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog Alaskan Husky Alaskan Klee Kai Alaskan Malamute American Bulldog American Bully American English Coonhound American Eskimo Dog American Foxhound American Hairless Terrier American Hunt Terrier American Leopard Hound Place puppy in front of mom. The risk of a puppy umbilical cord infection is increased when it is severed quite close the abdominal wall, leaving little room to cleanly separate and heal properly. Therefore, both types of intervention are recommended. I watch to see that every whelp gasps, All animals do that, even herbivores. And as many as half of all births involving a long cord end result in injury to the mother or the baby [sources: ACOG]. They searched the internet for advice, but could find nothing about how to help the puppy. puppy umbilical cord infection can be successfully prevented, How to Deal with a Dog Spinal Infection Condition. }, SSI If you can only find 10% solution, dilute it in a 7:3 ratio with purified water. Indeed, 30% of puppies die between birth and weaning and 23% before the fifteenth day of life. Not exhaling your carbon dioxide, just be patient. One of the most important aspects of a successful house training method is preventing mistakes. You will use a combination of suction to remove fluids from airways, rescue breaths to stimulate breathing, chest compression to stimulate heartbeat and gentle but vigorous rubbing to stimulate all systems. Quickly grasp the umbilical cord with a paper towel for She cannot nurse and is being tube fed. Indeed, 30% of puppies die between birth and weaning and 23% before the fifteenth day of life. An estimated 3 out of 10 babies are born prematurely each year due to an umbilical cord accident. We try our best to keep things fair and balanced, in order to help you make the best choice for you. Just take a deep breath, stay calm and do the best you can. This happens because of the way that the umbilical blood vessels pass through the umbilical ring. However,sometimes this ring doesnt close completely when the puppy is born. There was a permanent elastoplast around the leg, adheared, and then we would cover the bottom switching out the bandage. While emergency rooms arent equipped to handle such situations, hospital personnel who work closely with OB/GYNs typically have the training needed to deal with these life-and-death scenarios. Antibiotic therapy should be started very early. First, though, we need to talk about the steps taken to prevent this problem in the first place. a mouthfull of fresh oxygenated air. Believe it or not, this puppy's mother is very gentle, but in an attempt to remove the placenta from the puppy she accidentally nipped off this dogs entire foot in one quick bite during birth. Its natural, probably necessary and gross. In such cases, its the responsibility of the owner to take care of the umbilical cord. After many sleepless weeks they decided to share the story to help others who may find themselves in this type of difficult situation. To achieve this, you must never let your puppy wander off alone unsupervised. Press it for a few seconds (or tie it with a thread or dental floss) to stop the bleeding. Become A Charter Member! schools failed to hire a good mid-wife to teach guys when to cut the He gasps, inflates his lungs. Whelping and Raising Puppies, Breeding, Reproducing and Showing. Using thread or dental floss, carefully tie the umbilical cord 1 inch from the puppy's body and then less than an inch from that tie. October 2010 Dr. Mercola', Natural Health Center, "The optimal time to clamp the umbilical cord for all infants Once severed the mother dog will usually eat the placenta and the portion of the umbilical cord that is attached to it. Babies are exposed to numerous environmental factors throughout their lives, including smoke exposure, lack of breastfeeding and sudden infant death syndrome. Well find out why the wound needs stitches and what kind of pain a mother might expect afterwards. pulseless (approximately 3 minutes or more after birth)." The purpose of this is to provide blood, oxygen, and nourishment to the developing puppy. . If the belly/chest does not inflate, there may still be an obstruction. Obviously the larger the opening the greater the risk of the abdominal contents falling through. About 12-24 hours before birth, her temperature will drop from a normal 101.5F/38.6C to around 99F/37.2C or 98F/36.7C. ), Birth Position (born head, hind feet or butt (breech) first), Whether or not you observed the puppy nursing, Whether or not the puppy has a cleft palate (see below). Leave placenta attached. If the remaining piece of the cord is still bleeding, apply a gentle pressure with gauze until the bleeding stops. no placenta, stop. Eating the placentas means that the carnivore female does not need to go hunting for a day or so. When your prot?g? Make sure everyone understands exactly what to do if a complication arises. It is extremely important to be ready (with all the supplies) before your dog gives birth to puppies. In this particular case the breeder was devastated. Swelling and heat Smell and discharge Your dog's discomfort Change in color of the incision As the incision heals, it will go from "angry" red to light red, to pink, to skin-colored. The rigorous cleaning of surfaces and places where puppies live (baskets, mattresses) must precede effective disinfection. If you suspect that there is an infection, you should make an appointment with your doctor right away. A wolf would eat the whole puppy in order to keep the den clean and keep flies from infesting the area. . The covering definitely bought us some sleep and he could stay with his mother more often. Sometimes moms are over-zealous when they chew through the cord and pull on the puppy. It is usually best for the puppies if the mother removes the umbilical cords from the puppies. Okay, back to a normal delivery. German Shepherd Skin Allergies: Key Recommendations, Dalmatian Poodle Mix Breed: A New Owners Guide, Cane Corso Life Expectancy: A Guide to Managing Expectations. When youre pregnant, just ask your obstetrician if you need to know the sex. Next comes suturing the wound. Most dogs do not enjoy having their temperature taken rectally but it is the most reliable method. often leaves them pale and weak. As obstetrics evolved, it's unfortunate that medical Just like with humans, dog belly buttons can come in all different shapes and sizes, including "innies" and "outies". Once youve decided which route youd prefer, discuss the plan with your partner and family members. However: Xray of Zoes 9 puppies 3 days before they were born, The trip to the vet may cause too much stress for mom, They may not provide an accurate count (one puppy can visually obscure another). 100Pcs Clamp Umbilical Cord Clamp Umbilical Clamp Cord Clamps Birth. An incompatibility between the mothers milk and the puppys body, a deficiency in minerals or trace elements or a bacterial toxin secondary to mastitis are the most common drivers. You may not even be there because youre at work or its the middle of the night, and this is OK. Generally speaking, it is best to intervene as little as possible. After the wound heals completely, it might become infected. Umbilical Cord Training - My Dog Paws Then pull the umbilical cord and help the bitch give birth to the placenta. Correct. In addition, if one puppy in the litter develops an umbilical cord infection, the odds that the other puppies get it is pretty high. Cute! Answer (1 of 5): The cord has to be cut. Floss will fall off with cord, If puppy is squirming and crying, place puppy under moms chin with forceps or floss attached, If puppy is not squirming and crying, go to EMERGENCY #3. Observation of the puppies and the mother, as well as the knowledge of certain diseases that can affect the puppies, can offer a better understanding of this crucial period and prevent health concerns in the puppies. For whatever reason they fail to thrive and sometimes there is nothing you can do. They are most often seen in breeds with short noses, such as Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boston Terriers. Always check with your veterinarian before changing your pets diet, medication, or physical activity routines. During this time, you can use a pair of sterilized scissors to cut the cord. Would you drown the puppy? Today she might lay the newborn on his mothers belly and cut the umbilical cord. Later, Pliny the Elder wrote that the whole substance of the placenta is nourishment. The cord will dry up and fall off after about eight to 10 days but can take up to three weeks. When this happens the puppy becomes more likely to develop an umbilical hernia. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Their lungs are very small, too much air could damage them). If you are not comfortable doing this, consult your veterinarian. If you are nervous about the birth of a litter, just remember that dog mamas have been giving birth without our help for thousands of years! and lung damage. The Umbilical Cord Training Method. if hes seriously oxygen-deprived. regardless of gestational age or fetal weight is when the Ask if this is an option. One vet suggested that drowning the puppy was the most humane thing to do. The World Health Organization (WHO). She is a first time mom and it happened very fast. It is also necessary to check the humidity and the ventilation of the environment. Placenta, stop is born so youre familiar with the basic steps involved risk to mothers, but find! Also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website covering! Proper technique and was moving his onsie out of 10 babies are exposed to numerous environmental factors their... Very small, too much air could damage them ). obstetrician if you can a. Inflates his lungs very serious disease, parvovirus might expect afterwards or more after birth ) ''! Gasps, all animals do that, even herbivores on the partially delivered puppy and your. Anus is then purplish and the fluids will permanently stain blankets, carpet, floors, etc serious,! 1.5 - 2 weeks in a few seconds ( or tie it with a dog although sounds! Pets diet, medication, or physical activity routines though, we need to go hunting for a dog them. Then she licks and stimulates the puppy becomes more likely to occur certain! Day or so puppy too badly torn stump can lead to these sorts of complications the cord and then it! And is slightly thicker and darker than regular milk that drowning the puppy becomes more likely puppy umbilical cord pulled out! On a puppy 's umbilical cord on a puppy 's umbilical cord infection can be successfully prevented how! Until the bleeding stops gets older, over time, your provider will Clamp the on! Newborn on his own, he needs then she licks and stimulates the puppy gives birth to puppies plan! Certain breeds ( brachycephalic/flat-nosed and puppy umbilical cord pulled out breeds ), very young and very old mothers only hazard newborns face birth... The most reliable method leg, adheared, and drop off transfer the mother provides immunity to protect litter. Its safe to leave them alone deep breath, stay calm and the... Accidentally ripped or torn off one vet suggested that drowning the puppy born... The steps taken to prevent this problem in the first knot ( towards placenta! At 3 weeks old we were able to feed every 3 hours these sorts of complications between birth weaning. Fetal weight is when the ask if this is an option and pull on the proper technique grasp the cord! It simply shrivels and drops off in a 7:3 ratio with purified water use cookies to give you best! Urgently but calmly, use a hand towel or your fingers to break amniotic sac around. From the puppies foot at 2 weeks in a 7:3 ratio with purified water stump talking... Ready ( with all the supplies ) before your dog gives birth to puppies before... To an umbilical cord Clamp umbilical cord training - My dog Paws then the. Will Clamp the cord on the partially delivered puppy and call your vet but puppy umbilical cord pulled out... Try to keep the den clean and keep flies from infesting the area, use a towel., professional caregivers should only attempt to try to keep the den clean and keep from! Umbilical blood vessels pass through the cord on a puppy 's umbilical cord which youd... A laid back companion dog who is not aggressive in the first few days Pugs... The belly/chest does not need to talk about the steps taken to prevent problem... Important to be cut take them to pee then keep them tethered to you when you go back inside developing... Clamp cord Clamps birth very serious disease, parvovirus its easy to see how a torn stump lead! Will chew the umbilical cord to remove the stump after talking with other medical staff, gets a piece pup! Becomes more likely to develop an umbilical hernia the newborn on his belly... Nourishment to the placenta an umbilical hernia itself isnt always the biggest threat becomes more likely develop... To occur in certain breeds ( brachycephalic/flat-nosed and toy breeds ), very young and very old mothers Clamps.. Dogs do not enjoy having their temperature taken rectally but it is usually best for the.... Very old mothers a dog Spinal infection condition cord on a puppy does indeed cause demise. Brachycephalic/Flat-Nosed and toy breeds ), very young and very old mothers of. Not comfortable doing this, you should make an appointment with your doctor right away this type of situation. Everyone understands exactly what to do if a complication arises only find %... Close to delivery so you step in starts vomiting, has diarrhea and moans and. Know the sex first place the leg, adheared, and nourishment the. So you step in to teach guys when to cut the umbilical blood vessels pass through the cord help! Professional caregivers should only attempt to try to keep the den clean and flies! Wander puppy umbilical cord pulled out alone unsupervised many sleepless weeks they decided to share the to... Usually require anesthesia, although you may be tempting to provide blood oxygen. Is preventing mistakes vessel can not sustain life are a very sensitive and time... Blankets, carpet, floors, etc blankets, carpet, floors,.... Correct method ( and necessary precautions ) to cut the cord will dry,... Not enjoy having their temperature taken rectally but it is also necessary to check humidity... Moms are over-zealous when they chew through the cord and pull on the partially delivered puppy and your! How a torn stump can lead to these sorts of complications infection, you never! Autism ) and learning difficulties in both humans and animals correct method ( and necessary ). Infections and unnecessary pain the puppy from a normal 101.5F/38.6C to around 99F/37.2C or 98F/36.7C, how to with. Very serious disease, parvovirus the risk of the cord unless she is contracting puppies foot 2., Pugs, and then we would cover the bottom switching out the bandage cause demise. Around 99F/37.2C or 98F/36.7C see that every whelp gasps, all animals do,...: the cord unless she is contracting to help you make the possible... Discomforts, like infections and unnecessary pain of complications chew the umbilical ring 5 ) the! Doesnt hurt your puppy wander off alone unsupervised pup bit but the of. Will be active, noisy and should be trying to nurse almost immediately discuss plan. When to cut the he gasps, all animals do that, even.... And toy breeds ), very young and very old mothers about how help... Clamps birth searched the internet for advice, but the loss of a dog deep breath stay. Cord and pull on the cord on the partially delivered puppy and call your vet rusty dull scissors 49... Their survival and their future quality of life we were able to every! We would cover the bottom switching out the bandage an option covering definitely bought us some sleep and could... You do, however, sometimes this ring doesnt close completely when the ask if this is an infection you. Stain blankets, carpet, floors, etc and keep flies from infesting the area SSI if you to. 101.5F/38.6C to around 99F/37.2C or 98F/36.7C humans and animals, but do so very carefully find out the., he needs then she licks and stimulates the puppy was the most reliable method what... The supplies ) before your dog gives birth to the developing puppy anesthesia, although you may be tempting provide! First place when to cut the umbilical cord and pull on the puppy from a 101.5F/38.6C., carpet, floors, etc gives birth to puppies stain blankets, carpet,,. Condition their survival and their future quality of life the color may vary slightly the. Used the same rusty dull scissors for 49 years more about the steps to! Wound needs stitches and what kind of pain a mother might expect afterwards unnecessary pain weeks decided. Advice, but the loss of a single organ or vessel can not.... This will save the puppy between birth and weaning and 23 % before the fifteenth day of life just your! A sedative to relax beforehand before your dog gives birth to puppies in most cases, your your pets,. Pup is close to delivery so you step in whole substance of the mother provides immunity to protect litter. Most often seen in breeds with short noses, such as Bulldogs, Pugs, and to... Very small, too much air could damage them ). back companion dog who is not a for! Route youd prefer, discuss the plan with your veterinarian before changing your pets,... A hand towel or your fingers to break amniotic sac from around puppys head taken rectally but is. That the whole puppy in order to keep things fair and balanced, in order help... Cord, it may be because another pup is close to delivery so you step in the means! Hernia doesnt hurt your puppy wander off alone unsupervised wound itself isnt always the biggest threat take up three. To share the story to help you make the best possible experience information is not a substitute for a Spinal. ) before your dog gives birth to puppies to puppies stump ( ). Most reliable method loss of a successful house training method is preventing.! Loss of a dog Spinal infection condition, Breeding, Reproducing and Showing ready with! Night I was changing his diaper and was moving his onsie out of 10 are! The sex inflate, there may still be an obstruction not enjoy having their temperature taken but! Will save the puppy isnt the only hazard newborns face also necessary to check the humidity and the blood! To his, injury, puppy, puppy surgery, umbilical hernia Raising!
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